The extremely strong triple bond in elemental nitrogen (N≡N), the second strongest bond in any diatomic molecule after carbon monoxide (CO), dominates nitrogen chemistry. ![]() Many industrially important compounds, such as ammonia, nitric acid, organic nitrates ( propellants and explosives), and cyanides, contain nitrogen. About 2/3 of commercially produced elemental nitrogen is used as an inert (oxygen-free) gas for commercial uses such as food packaging, and much of the rest is used as liquid nitrogen in cryogenic applications. Antoine Lavoisier suggested instead the name azote, from the Ancient Greek: ἀζωτικός "no life", as it is an asphyxiant gas this name is used in a number of languages, and appears in the English names of some nitrogen compounds such as hydrazine, azides and azo compounds.Įlemental nitrogen is usually produced from air by pressure swing adsorption technology. The name nitrogène was suggested by French chemist Jean-Antoine-Claude Chaptal in 1790 when it was found that nitrogen was present in nitric acid and nitrates. Carl Wilhelm Scheele and Henry Cavendish independently did so at about the same time. It was discovered and isolated by Scottish physician Daniel Rutherford in 1772, (first publication). Because of the volatility of nitrogen compounds, nitrogen is relatively rare in the solid parts of the Earth. N 2 forms about 78% of Earth's atmosphere, making it the most abundant uncombined element in air. At standard temperature and pressure, two atoms of the element bond to form N 2, a colorless and odorless diatomic gas. ![]() It is a common element in the universe, estimated at seventh in total abundance in the Milky Way and the Solar System. Nitrogen is a nonmetal and the lightest member of group 15 of the periodic table, often called the pnictogens. Nitrogen is the chemical element with the symbol N and atomic number 7.
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